The Influence of Leadership on Employee Work Ethic Through Organizational Culture as an Intervening Variable at the Manpower Office of Manado City

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of Leadership on Employee Work Ethic through Organizational Culture as an intervening variable at the Manpower Office of Manado City. Using a quantitative descriptive approach with a saturated sample of 42 employees, data were collected via a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using validity, reliability, classical assumption, correlation, multiple regression, hypothesis, and Sobel tests in SPSS 27. All instrument items proved valid and reliable. Leadership significantly affects Organizational Culture (t = 8.649; Sig. = 0.000), and Organizational Culture significantly affects Work Ethic (t = 3.489; Sig. = 0.001). However, the direct effect of Leadership on Work Ethic is not significant (t = 1.591; Sig. = 0.120) once Organizational Culture is controlled. Together, Leadership and Organizational Culture significantly affect Work Ethic (F = 33.959; Sig. = 0.000), explaining 63.5% of its variance. The Sobel test (z = 3.236; Sig. = 0.001) confirms full mediation. The study recommends strengthening organizational culture as the main bridge translating leadership quality into a high employee work ethic.